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3、英语邀请信
英文邀请信范文1 Dear Peter, We're so glad you're coming to join us on Sunday. Here is how you can find us. We'll have our picnic in the People's park. You know where that is, don't you? After you enter the park by the main gate, walk straight on till you come to a stream. Cross the stream and turn right. After walking for a while, you'll come to a hill. Walk round to the other side of the hill. There you'll see a lake. We'll have our picnic there in the small woods by the lake. I'm sure you'll have no trouble finding us. Do come. 英文邀请信范文2 英文年会邀请函范文一 DearProf.He Yu， The Academic Conference on Bfifsh a nd American Literature sponsored by Beijing University will be held in Beijing on 2nd july 2001.We take great Pleasure in inviting you to attend the conference.We will Pay your hotel accommodation a nd meMs，but youwill be responsable fOryourairfare. If you have any paper o r topies on which you would like to give talks，please inform us as soon as possible for the program is being finalized soon. PLease confirm your participation at you earliest convenience. With kind regards. Yours Sincerely， Zhao Yan Convener Secretary 亲爱的何雨教授： 您好!我们定于2001年7月2日在北京大学举行英美文学学术会议，想邀请您届时参加。 会议免费安排食宿，往返机票自理。 如果您有要宣读的论文或要发言的论题，请尽早来函告知，以便会议安排。 希望您届时光临。请尽快来函确认。 祝一切顺利! 会议召集人：赵研秘书长 英文年会邀请函范文二 Dear [Susan]: I know you are interested in [oil painting], so Im sure youll be interested in [Mr. and Mrs. Lin dun]! They are coming here to supper [next Sunday night, October the twelfth], and wed like you and [Walter] to come, too. [Mr. and Mrs. Lin Dun] are that very charming couple we met in [London] last summer. They have a wonderful collection of [oil paintings of various stages]; and I understand that Mr. Lin Dun is quite an authority on [oil painting]. Im sure you and Walter will thoroughly enjoy and evening in their company. Were planning supper at six; that will give us a nice long evening to talk. If I dont hear from you before then, Ill be expecting you on the [twelfth]! Affectionately yours, Li Ming 亲爱的[苏珊]: 我知道您对[油画]是有兴趣的，所以我相信您对林顿夫妇也会感兴趣。他们将在[10月12日(下星期日)]来吃饭，我们很希望您和瓦尔特也能同来。 [林顿夫妇]是那么好的一对夫妻。我们是去年夏天在[伦敦]认识的。他们集有[各个不同时期精美的油画作品]。我知道，林顿先生在研究[油画]方面是颇有权威的。我深信，那天晚上您和瓦尔特同他们在一起，一定会很愉快。 我们准备在6点钟吃晚饭，这样就能有较长的时间闲谈。如果事前接不到您的回信，我就指望你们那天到来。 英文年会邀请函范文三 Dear [Mr. Harrison]: Our new factory will be commencing production on [April 10] and we should like to invite [you and your wife] to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion. As you will appreciate this is an important milestone for this organization, and is the result of continued demand for our products, both at home and overseas. We are inviting all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting. Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time we can arrange for you to be met. All arrangements for your stay [overnight on April 10] will, of course, be made by us at our expense. Yours faithfully, 亲爱的[哈里森先生]: 本公司新厂将于[4月10日]开始投产，希望能邀请[贤伉俪]来参加新厂开工典礼。 英文邀请信范文3 美国文化人类学家爱德华•T.霍尔（EdwardT.Hall）于1976年在其著作《超越文化》（BeyondCulture）一书中首次从交际和文化关系出发，提出了关于解释人类交际活动受文化和语境因素制约的高低语境文化理论。该理论的提出引起了国内外学者的广泛关注和深入研究，而且被广泛地应用于跨文化对比、文学、翻译、写作等领域。请柬（InvitationCard）作为实用文体的一种书面体裁，被应用于中美两国民族在各自的文化圈内交流和两国跨文化交际中，并发挥着传递信息的功能和实现礼仪交际的社会功能。请柬可分为正式和非正式两种。非正式请柬是指用于亲戚朋友之间邀请信，其格式与书信类似。而正式请柬无论中文还是英文都有一定的书写格式和方法，主要用于招待会、举行婚礼、宴会、隆重仪式等正式场合。本文把该理论中关于高语境与低语境文化分类概念，国家文化在高低文化语境中的定位及其交际中的差别性特征这三个具体观点应用于中美正式请柬写作模式的探究，通过对选取源自1990.1.1-2010.12.31为时间跨度段的中美正式请柬作为语料进行对比研究，力求证明该理论对请柬写作结构和请柬写作策略有普遍的解释力以及对英语应用文写作教学的指导意义。 二、理论框架 （一）高低语境文化具有语境性及其分类 Hall（1976）在其著作《超越文化》一书中认为，人类交际（包括语言交际）要受到文化和语境的制约与影响。他在该书中提出“文化具有语境性，并将语境分为高语境（HighContext）与低语境（LowContext）（1976：81-83）”。Hall（1988：96）认为：“任何事物均可被赋予高、中、低语境的特征。高语境事物具有预先编排信息的特色，编排的绝大部分信息或存在于物质语境中或内化于交际者个人，仅有微小部分存于编码清晰的信息中。低语境事物恰好相反，大部分信息处在传递的信息中，以便补充语境中丢失的部分（内在语境及外在语境）”。 （二）国家文化在高低语境文化中的定位 WilliamB.Gudykurmt根据Hall关于高低语境的解释，“将12个不同文化的国家按从低语境到高语境的顺序排列依次为：瑞士、德国、斯堪的纳维亚、美国、法国、英国、意大利、西班牙、希腊、阿拉伯、中国和日本”（cf.唐德根，2000：181）。基于不同文化的国家对语境排列位置，中国文化具有高语境特性而美国文化具有低语境特性。 （三）高低语境文化的交际性特征 M.W.Lustig和J.Koester把HC和LC文化及交际的差别特征概括（cf.贾玉新，1997：34）为8项（见表）。在本文中，笔者仅以前3项特征予以解读并运用于中美正式请柬的范例分析。通过表可以看出，高语境文化中，语境在意义传递上起着重要的作用。信息的传递并不完全依赖语言本身，而是更多地借助语境，并以含蓄和暗码的方式来传递；而在低语境文化中，语言的作用突出，交际信息主要是通过语言以直白和明码的方式来传递，语言在交际中处于中心地位。高语境中的信息编码和解码更多地依赖交际双方共享的文化规约和交际时的情景，而低语境中的信息的编码和解码则主要在语言中，交际信息对语境的依赖性与前者相比要小。 三、基于高低语境文化理论视角下的中美正式请柬写作模式的分析及其解释力 高低语境文化视角下，文化思维模式会影响语篇的写作模式。请柬作为实用文体的一种书面体裁，具有为实现特定礼仪功能的文体特征和相对固定的写作模式。但在不同的文化背景下，中美请柬除了体现相同的礼仪功能外，由于文化思维模式的差异，其写作模式各异。本文以高低语境文化理论为视角，利用文献中的中美正式请柬为语料进行比较、归纳和范例分析，从请柬写作结构和写作策略两个方面来证明该理论对写作模式具有普遍的解释力。 （一）语篇结构——中式请柬的螺旋型叙事结构与美式请柬的直线型叙事结构 1．中式请柬语篇结构分析 由于长期在儒、道、佛教的浸润下，中国文化积淀倾向于含蓄和中庸。基于这种倾向性，中国人的思维模式是螺旋型的。而中国文化积淀的倾向性和思维模式的螺旋型特点又决定了中式请柬语篇的叙事结构。笔者利用文献语料，选取1990.1.1-2010.12.31为时间跨度段中的35篇中文正式请柬，通过比较、分析和归纳的方法，总结并得出结论是：在中国高语境文化下，由于受中国文化思维模式的影响，中式请柬语篇的组织方式呈现出两类叙事结构，可分别表示为：（1）背景信息（包含暗示信息和明示信息）-宣布主题--暗示信息（可选）-发出邀请-确认邀请（可选）；（2）明示性背景信息-宣布主题—暗示信息（可选）-发出邀请-确认邀请（可选）。具体到范例1，该请柬正文可分为4部分：“从盛世文明到以裹文事”是间接迂回的暗示性信息；“从谨定到宴会厅”是明示性的背景信息；“举行南方日报文艺部作者座谈会”是基于上文语境的宣布主题行为和“翘盼光临，千祈勿却”是发出邀请行为。由此看出，范例1的叙事结构是背景信息（包含暗示信息和明示信息）-宣布主题-发出邀请。从高低语境文化理论的视角来看，中式请柬的叙事结构蕴含了过多的语境信息，作者借助上文语境，以含蓄委婉的暗示信息来实现礼仪功能。而对语境的依赖度较高这一现象，却反映了高语境文化下的中式请柬的组织方式是受文化倾向性、语境因素和思维模式制约的。 2．美式请柬语篇结构分析 在基督教文化熏陶下的美国人崇尚独立，奉行“自我为中心（ego-centrism）的文化价值观”（胡文仲，1994：257），以个体性为基点进行直线思维，强调直述己见、明确具体的直线型叙事结构。笔者运用与中式请柬相同的语料检索方式和相同的语料分析方法（上同）对所收集的28篇英文正式请柬（不含以英语为中介语的所有英文请柬）进行分析，总结并得出结论是：在低语境的文化下，由于受美国文化思维的影响，美式请柬语篇中采用叙事结构有别于中式请柬叙事结构，并呈现出显著的特征，可表示为：发出明示邀请—宣布主题-背景信息（明示）-确认邀请（可选）。以范例2为例，该请柬分为3部分：“从LadyAmeliaJones到Dr.JohnMarkham”是发出明示邀请行为，“atasoireeathome”是主题信息，而“OnFridayevening，thethirdofMarchatseveno’clock”为明示性背景信息，“Pleasesendreplyto”为确认邀请的信息。由此看出，范例2的叙事结构是发出明示邀请—宣布主题-背景信息（明示）-确认邀请。根据高低语境文化理论，美式请柬的叙事结构呈直线型，作者以语言为载体，直截了当地发出邀请行为和宣布主题，而非借助语境信息来传递邀请这一礼仪功能，这表明在低语境文化圈内美式请柬的叙事结构同样受美国文化观念和直线思维的制约，但也表明叙事结构对语境的依赖度低。 （二）语篇策略：华而不实与朴实无华 语篇策略是Enkvist（1978）提出的术语，指语篇作者根据交际目的对语篇所作的总体决策和选择，是为一定的目的而对决策参项（decisionparameter）所作的权衡。在具体请柬的写作中，当语篇的构架及主题确定后，语篇的策略表现为作者采用何种手段来实现交际目的。本文通过中美请柬语篇范例的描写与对比分析来证明该理论对语篇策略的选择有普遍的解释力，即在特定的文化背景下，选择恰当的语篇策略是服务于语篇结构需要，也是为了更好地实现请柬的礼仪功能的需要。 1．中式请柬语篇策略分析 从言语行为来看：范例3实施了两项言语行为，即宣布主题（举行庆祝元旦“茶话会”）和发出邀请（敬请光临指导）。为实施言语行为所选择的策略：在中式请柬中，两项言语行为是借助于暗示性的背景信息（上文语境）来完成即通过间接迂回、含蓄隐晦的中国文化思维来宣布主题和发出邀请的。可以看出，中文请柬正文部分的写作策略是先从细节信息开始，最重要的信息置后，基于语境信息以间接迂回、含蓄隐晦的中国文化思维方式来完成特定的礼仪功能。从基调的角度来看：正式、庄重、礼貌和谦恭。为了彰显基调，作者选择的策略包括语言形式和非语言形式。在高语境下，信息编码和解码更多地依赖交际双方共享的文化规约和交际时的情景。作者使用的敬词和谦词如兹、敬、光临和敬礼等语言形式来显示礼貌，而频繁地使用这些词，既是中国文化积淀和文化传承的体现，也是在特定的书面体裁场合中为更好地实现请柬的礼仪功能的需要。而非语言形式是采用了线性的格式，但有别于美式的格式。 2．美式请柬语篇策略分析 从言语行为来看：范例4也实施了两项言语行为，即发出邀请（requestthepleasureofthecompanyofMr.HuWenzhong）和宣布主题（reception）。为实施言语行为作者所选择的策略：在该请柬中，两项言语行为是通过直抒己见，以明示的方式来发出邀请和宣布主题。作者在正文部分的写作策略是先从最主要的信息开始，明示性的背景信息置于主要信息之后，而且以直接的美国文化思维方式来传递特定的礼仪功能。更重要的是，美式请柬与中式请柬相比，对语境的依赖度要低，信息的传递主要是通过明示性的语言来完成。从基调的角度来看：正式、庄重、礼貌。作者选择的策略也包括：语言形式和非语言形式。在低语境文化下，作者为了表达礼仪功能，注重语言准确性和明示交际，在请柬中未使用类似于中式请柬中含有隐含意义和文化色彩的谦词，仅限于使用常见的词汇request，pleasure，R.S.V.P.来显示礼貌，而非语言形式是采用了美国文化有的缩进式的线性格式。需要强调的是：中式请柬中存在着诸多敬词和谦词如令尊、敝人、寒舍以及常用套语、四字成语等，是为了更好地实现礼仪功能的需要。事实上，正是这类词往往造成跨文化交际中的文化空缺现象，容易引起交际障碍或误解。相比之下，美国人通常是以自身愉快的感受来显示礼貌，常用的词有pleased，pleasure等。 四、应用文写作教学的建议 本文在分析中美文化思维模式差异及其如何影响请柬语篇组织和策略选择的基础上，对英语应用文写作教学提出的建议为：首先，应用文写作不仅是单纯地考虑语法正确性，也要考虑适切性问题。D.H.Hymes（1971）指出要培养学习者在特定的社会与文化背景中学会使用恰当的语言形式（cf.胡壮麟，2001：357）。具体到应用文体裁来说，其写作是一种交织着浓厚的社会文化观念的语言思维活动。其次，应用文写作还要考虑框架结构和段落安排问题。在写作教学中，要引导学生在了解本民族与目的语民族的文化思维模式差异和语篇组织方式差异的基础上，进而培养学生以目的语文化的思维模式来谋篇布局。最后，应用文写作教学要注重培养学生的跨文化交际意识和跨语言对比的能力。RobertLado（1957）在其著作《跨文化的语言》中列举了大量的数据并指出了对比分析的重要性（cf.ibid：377）。基于对目的语和母语的应用文范例的对比分析，来引导和加强学生应用文写作中的跨文化、跨语言的交际意识，提高学生对文化差异的敏锐性，并逐步提升写作能力及其策略。 英文邀请信范文4 书信是交流思想、互通信息、联络感情的有效工具。从大的范围看，英文书信可分为公函或 者 事务信件和私人信件两大类。前者主要是单位与单位之间，个人与单位之间的工作来往信件 ；后者则指个人与个人之间的来往信件。本文所谈及的英语日常应用文是将这两类信件中最常用的抽出来并分别予以介绍。大体来讲，本书介绍的日常应用文有以下几种。(一)邀请信(letter of invitation)这是一种很常见的英文书信。朋友亲戚之间相邀约时用它，进行学术交流邀请专家名流要用 它，聚餐设宴要用它，请人讲演讲学要用它。(二)介绍信(letter of introduction)介绍信也是一种常见的英文书信。私人之间的交往，各种大型的会议交流以及其它商业事务 上的业务联系，常常要用到这种书信。 (三)求职信(letter of application to vocation)向国外有关企业或单位谋职或推荐到国外有关单位工作要写求职信，申请在国内的外资企业 工作也要写求职信。这些都要用到英文求职信。(四)入学申请信(letter of application to school)到国外的学校学习，一般要先向该校有关单位发出申请信，在得到对方的答复后，才可办理 有关手续。近些年来，越来越多的人开始到国外去进修和深造，掌握这类申请信的写法也就 显得十分必要了。(五)庆贺信(letter of congratulation)庆贺信是一种常见的书信形式。单位开业、朋友结婚得子、生日寿诞等均可写信表示祝贺， 它是人们之间感情交流的一项重要的媒介和方式，掌握庆贺信的写法也是十分必要的。(六)推荐信(letters of recomendation)谋职或申请入学等常常需附上专家教授或有关人员的推荐信件。推荐信有时也单独存在。因此作 为一种必不可少的交流形式，本书也将介绍推荐信的格式和写法。(七)简历(resume)简历也是作为其它有关信件的附件而使用的，它不单独存在，总是随同其它信件一起送达有 关单位或人员的。掌握简历的写法也很重要。 英文邀请信范文5 关键词：情境创设；英语读写课；情境教学 一、理论背景与研究意义 人们用语言进行交际时离不开语言情境，英国人类学家Bronislaw M alinow ski把情景归结为文化语境与情景语境。情境教学法自20世纪70年代形成以来，已逐渐发展成为一种语言教学中的基本思想和教学方向。情境教学法的语言理论基础是建构主义，而情境、合作、交流和意义建构是建构主义学习理论的四大要素。教师创设含有真实事件或真实问题的情境，学生在探究事件或解决问题的过程中自主地理解知识、建构意义。通过师生交流来创设一种问题情境，使学生主动思考以解决问题。 《义务教育英语课程标准》明确指出：“本标准以学生‘能用英语做事情’的描述方式设定各级目标要求，旨在强调培养学生的综合语言运用能力。”“教师要通过创设接近实际生活的各种语境，采用循序渐进的语言实践活动”，活动要有明确的交流目的、真实的交流意义和具体的操作要求，并为学生提供展示学习成果的机会，活动的内容和形式要贴近学生的生活实际，符合学生的认知水平和生活；要尽可能接近现实生活中语言使用的实际情况，使学生能够理解和掌握目标语言项目的真实意义和用法。既然特定“情境”或“场合”不仅能够决定我们对事件意义的理解，还能决定事件发生的可能性，同时，它还能影响我们的知觉内容以及学习方式，并且自然会对记忆产生深远的影响。那么，英语教学理应在情境中进行。以下就是笔者以情境教学为主要手段的一节课堂实录。 二、教学案例的设计与分析 1.学情分析 学生已经学习并掌握了情态动词can表示能力的用法以及简略回答，已经可以运用can来询问和表达能否做到某事。学生已经学习并且掌握了如何运用基本动词来表达一些日常活动，如study，help，play，visit等。本节课所要学习的主要内容是通过阅读电子邮件学习如何发出邀请及给予礼貌回复。这个活动有利于培养学生的组织协调能力和团队合作精神。 2.教材分析 本单元围绕“Invitations”开展教学活动，学习情态动词can在交际场合中的用法。要求学生在学会提出邀请的同时，学会如何接受邀请“Sure， I’d love to.”以及如何拒绝邀请“Sorry，I can’t.”本单元的核心语言项目是“Can you come to my party？Sure，I’d love to.”或“I’m sorry，I can’t. I have to...”主要话题是“Make， accept and turn down invitations and talk about obligations”。要求学生学会提出邀请、接受邀请及拒绝邀请，学会谈论职责和义务。本节课的学习活动主要围绕通过阅读一份电子邮件，学生学会如何发出邀请及给予礼貌回复，从读到写，读写结合，以读促写。 3.教学目标 （1）语言知识目标 在交际场合中正确运用情态动词can，如：Can you come to my party？Sure， I’d love to. / Sorry，I can’t. 正确运用have to 来谈论职责和义务，如：I have to study for a test. He has to help his parents. 掌握一些表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next week等。 巩固运用现在进行时来表达已经计划的活动，如：I’m playing soccer on Saturday. （2）语言技能目标 说：能得体地邀请他人，如：Can you come to my party？能得体地接受邀请，如：Sure，I’d love to.能有礼貌地拒绝邀请并陈述原因：Thank you for your invitation. I’m sorry，I can’t. I have to study for a test. 读：读懂一份电子邮件，从skim到scan快速获得邮件信息。 写：能写邀请函及礼貌回复邀请函。 （3）情感态度目标 围绕邀请展开讨论，贴近学生生活实际，能提高他们的学习兴趣，使他们学会用英语来表达自己的意愿。 用礼貌得体的语言来提出邀请、接受邀请和拒绝邀请并且陈述自己的原因，有利于培养学生良好的人际关系和较高的文化修养。 （4）学习策略 交际策略：通过pairwork，用得体的语言提出邀请、接受邀请和拒绝邀请并陈述自己的理由，在完成对话的同时，培养学生与人沟通的能力； 认知策略：通过与同学讨论，做出推断和判断，培养综合分析的能力；通过归纳，培养综合运用英语的能力。 4.教学重难点 （1）教学重点 重点词汇：opening，concert，headmaster，event，guest 重点句型：would like to，inviteto Thank you for your invitation. Sorry，I can’t visit you next week. 话题：发出邀请并给予礼貌的答复 （2）教学难点 通过阅读电子邮件，制作邀请函并给予礼貌的回复。 5.教学过程 （1）Game T：Say the answers. Ss：Say the questions according to the teacher’s answers. Eg：It’s Wednesday.What’s day is today？ It’s raining hard. How’s the weather？ We are having an English class. What are you doing？ Sorry，I’m afraid I can’t go to your party this Sunday. Can you come to my party this Sunday？... 设计分析：教师回答，学生询问，迅速吸引学生的注意力，边复习巩固上节课的内容，边引入新课，又训练了学生的逆向思维能力，而且学生对于围绕他们真实生活情境的提问有话可说，有兴趣参与。 （2）Pre-reading T：Our new gym is opening. And we’ll have our Art Festival in it at the end of December. Would you like to invite your parent to the festival？And how？Can you make an invitation to them？What information should you write about in your invitation？Discuss in groups and write down your ideas. 设计分析：读前先根据实际情况提出真实有操作意义的任务，本月底笔者学校艺术节在新造的体艺馆里举行，你如何邀请你的家长来参加。学生跃跃欲试，因为他们很想让家长来观看艺术节，参与艺术节，为他们加油和拍照。而且，学生通过小组讨论，罗列要点，重新搜集一封邀请函所要包括的信息，通过合作学习，达成共识。 （3）Reading Here’s an invitation to parents. Let’s read and find out what are mentioned in it. Is it the same as what we’ve discussed？ Read more carefully and find more details in it.（2b） 设计分析：本文是学校新图书馆落成典礼，邀请家长参加，与刚才老师布置的邀请家长参加在学校新体艺馆里举行的艺术节有相似之处，所以非常容易模仿学习。文章生词不多，句子不难，学生比较容易理解其中的内容。只要列出邀请函中的几个要点，就已完全把握本文。读完以后，对照之前的讨论结果进行查漏补缺。 （4）Writing After reading，write your own invitation to your parents and welcome them to our new gym. 设计分析：从提出任务到小组讨论，再到学习课文，最后到这里写出具有真实意义的邀请函，一步一步创设情境，从搭支架到拆支架，学生学起来比较水到渠成和轻松自然。 （5）Role-play One is parent，the other is child. Read the invitation to your parent. Then the other replies in talking to this invitation in class. 设计分析：将学生当堂所写的邀请函运用起来，在课堂上设置准真实性的情景来学习和使用知识，一个扮演家长，一个扮演孩子，在用中学，学了就使用，引起学生一定的态度体验，从而帮助学生理解知识和技能，并使学生的心理机能得到发展，达到教学的目的。 （6）Writing Write down your conversation and show us. 设计分析：通过展示来反馈学习效果，有成果有展示，大家一起来学习和纠正错误，让学生体会学习成就感。 （7）Homework Modify the writings and give it to your parents. 设计分析：课后作业是课堂内容的延续和加深，通过课后的修改，进一步巩固上课所学内容，带回家给家长看，所学知识为学生所用，起到真正交际的实践作用。 6.课后反思 “情境”不是“情景和境地”的简单统称，也不仅仅是《韦伯英语词典》（1992）中的解释：“情境（context）是与某一具体事件同时存在的情景（situation）、背景（background）和环境（environment）”。我们认为，情境应该是情与境的结合！关注学生体验的教学，必然会重视能够引感体验的情境。本堂课在相对真实的情境中教学，先读后写，先说后写，听说读写相互交融，获得了意外的效果。学生在课堂里踊跃发言，书面表达言之有物，质量较好，但是也有不足之处，比如，角色扮演时准备时间仓促，学生没有经过仔细思考，就给予答复，因此，回复邀请函时所使用的语言比较单一与匮乏。一课堂40分钟的利用率如何，直接影响学生语言能力的提高和智力的开发。如果在课堂教学中主动应用“情境教学法”，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，消除他们因为缺乏语言环境而产生的畏难情绪，发挥他们学习的主动性，不仅可以提高学生的学习积极性，增强英语课堂教学的有效性，而且在相对真实的情境中，能培养学生的情感，缩短师生之间的距离，又可以使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中自觉、主动地习得知识。 三、结束语 语言环境对学习外语来说起着至关重要的作用，如何为学生提供尽可能真实的语言环境，让学生在接近真实的语言环境中掌握语言知识，提高语言运用能力，这是英语教师需要思考的一个课题。情境教学法能使学生身临其境或如临其境，正如布鲁姆所说：“成功的外语课堂教学应当在课内创设更多的情境，让学生有机会运用已学到的语言材料。”情境教学能为学生营造交际活动的社会情境，使学生如身临其境，从而使其加深对课文内容的理解，提高学生英语学习的质量。通过有目的地模拟生动真实的语言环境，营造一种使学生感到轻松愉快的氛围，使英语教学由单调乏味的填鸭式教学变为生动活泼的互动教学。 因此，初中英语教师要在课堂中积极创设尽量真实的情境，在真实的生活情境中提出问题、解决问题，让学生收获成功的喜悦。运用情境引导学生走进英语学习，能帮助学生在触景生情的过程中加深理解感知和深化体验。在情境中鼓励学生相互协作和互动交流，能在有效激活学生探究好奇心的基础上，使自由协作成为他们学习英语的一种内在自觉行为，优化教学过程和提高课程教学有效性。 参考文献： 英文邀请信范文6 关键词：邀请 言语行为 会话结构 基金项目：2014年枣庄学院科研基金一般项目（2014YB48）成果之一 邀请是人们在日常生活中经常用到的一种交际行为，当说话人试图请求听话人参加某项活动或做某件事情，便会使用邀请言语行为来达到交际目的。从形式上邀请有书面邀请和口头邀请；在内容上，邀请又可分为真诚邀请与非真诚邀请。 一、 文献综述 邀请作为言语行为的一个组成部分，被国内外学者从不同的角度进行过研究，如本体研究（Gu，1990；Mao， 1992； Tseng， Miao，2000）和跨文化研究（Leyre， 2004；凌矸迹2011）。在会话结构方面，Gu（1990）首次提出汉语邀请的三分结构特点，即邀请拒绝――再次邀请拒绝――最终邀请接受这样的会话结构，Mao（1992）从文化身份角度进一步阐述了中式三分邀请的语用功能。 由于以上学者的研究都是描述性研究，没有具体数据支撑，且都是在20世纪90年代进行的，因此本文试图在言语行为和礼貌理论视域下系统地对真诚的口头邀请进行中美跨文化语用对比实证研究，探讨中美邀请回应言语行为在语言会话结构上存在的异同，对比其话轮结构与前人的研究是否发生变化。 二、 理论支撑 言语行为是语用学中的一个重要课题，它最初由英国哲学家John Austin1962在《论言有所为》中提出。交际的基本单位不应该是句子而是完成一定的行为，而话语本身就是一种行为，Austin的学生Searle1979进一步发展了言语行为理论，他按照功能将言外行为分为五类：阐述类、指令类、承诺类、表达类、宣告类，本文所要研究的邀请言语行为属于指令性言语行为。该理论将话语看作是“行为”，是一个交际双方通过互动而正确理解说话人交际意图的过程，该理论构成了语用学研究的基石，在此基础上，礼貌理论产生发展起来，其中，Leech（1983）的礼貌原则和Brown&Levinson（1978；1987）的礼貌理论最有影响力。Leech（1983：132）阐述了六条礼貌原则：策略准则、宽宏准则、赞扬准则、谦虚准则、赞同准则和同情准则。Brown&Levinson（1978；1987）的礼貌理论重点概念是面子（Face），面子威胁行为（Face threatening act）和礼貌策略。面子分为积极面子和消极面子。积极面子是指希望得到别人的赞同、喜爱，消极面子指不希望别人强加于自己，自己的行为不受别人的干涉阻碍（何兆熊，2000）。在B&L（1987）看来，邀请是一种威胁听话人消极面子的行为。 三、 研究设计 共100名受试者参加本次研究，中美各50名。中国的50名受试者为西北师范大学和兰州交通大学的本科生与研究生，专业为工商管理、计算机科学和市政工程，年龄在19-30岁之间；美国的50名受试者，是生活在纽约和旧金山两市的美国人，年龄在20-30岁之间。研究工具采取访谈记录单。访谈记录单要求受试者回忆近期发生在自己或家人朋友身上的真实口头邀请言语行为，并尽可能真实地写下邀请者与被邀请者的详细对话，并说明交际双方的年龄、关系以及亲密程度、权势关系和邀请的难易程度。将访谈记录单200份发送给100名受试（中美各半），要求每位受试填写两份访谈记录单。受试者完成之后进行回收，得到中方87份访谈记录单，美方只回收到55份。最后经过研究者的阅读，有78份中文样本和50份英语样本是有效的。 四、 研究结果及讨论 （一） 汉语语境下的邀请回应话轮结构 通过对语料的分析，研究者发现在会话结构方面，汉语中的邀请回应言语行为是一个高度结构化的互动过程，单轮、两轮和三轮结构并存。一般而言，邀请者在发出邀请之前，会寒暄几句作为暖场或者探询邀请实现的可能性，研究者将其称为预邀请；随后，邀请者切入正题，正式表达他的邀请意愿，此时被邀请者可以选择直接接受或者拒绝，双方可能会就邀请的原因、时间、地点等信息进行协商问答，经过协商被邀请者做出决定并进行回复；如果被邀请者拒绝了邀请，那么邀请者要么接受拒绝，要么继续邀请，经过两轮或三轮跷跷板式的互动，邀请回应言语行为最终实现。 1.单轮结构 单轮结构是最简单直接的邀请回应言语行为，其模式是这样的：（预邀请―回应）邀请―（协商）接受/拒绝（协商）。通过分析，研究者发现74%的语料采用了单轮结构。 2.双轮结构 在双轮结构中，有两轮邀请和回应，即：（预邀请--回应）邀请―拒绝坚持邀请―最终接受/拒绝（协商）。在回收的78份有效的访谈记录单中，11份（14%）使用了双轮结构。如下例： 3.三轮结构 根据Gu（1990）和Mao （1992）的研究，三轮结构是中式邀请的典型结构，然而在研究者搜集的语料中，只有9例（12%）采用了此类结构。三轮结构的模式为：（预邀请--回应）邀请--拒绝再次邀请--再次拒绝坚持邀请--最终接受/拒绝（协商），见下例： （二）英语语境下的邀请回应话轮结构 在回收的美国受试的50份有效访谈记录单中，有48份使用了单轮结构，其余两份采用双轮结构，因此，我们认为美国人的邀请回应言语行为的主要结构为单轮结构，而多轮结构不具有典型性。以下图示揭示了美国英语语境下邀请回应的单轮结构： （预邀请）（回应预邀请）邀请人发出邀请 （就邀请事件进行协商）被邀请人接受邀请/被邀请人拒绝邀请（协商） 图一：美国英语邀请回应言语行为话轮图示 参考下例： A： Hey， Jack， my friends and I are having a Halloween party on Wednesday. We were wondering if you would like to join us？ 发出邀请 B： Um， yeah， sure. Wait， what time？ 接受邀请 （三）讨论 比较语料体现出的中美邀请回应言语行为，研究者得出：美国人喜欢单轮结构而中国人则展现了多种模式，即单轮、双轮和三轮结构并存。 本次中国受试的邀请回应语语料表明，74%的中国人（78例中有58例）使用单轮结构，而采用双轮与三轮结构的例子相加才占26%（78例中有20例），研究者将这两种结构归纳为多轮结构。换言之，大部分中国受试者喜欢使用简单的单轮结构，少部分人采用复杂的多轮结构，这一结果与前人的研究（Gu，1990；Mao，1992；Tseng，1998）大相径庭。经过仔细调查每个案例的背景信息，研究者得出以下解释： 近四分之三的受试者提供的语料中采用单轮结构，这些受试者中有72%的人是亲密关系，如亲人或好友；从权势关系方面看，有91%的人属于平级关系，因此，由于亲密的关系和平等的社会地位，被邀请者没必要多次假意拒绝邀请。另外，中方受试年龄在19-30岁之间，受试群体为年轻人，快节奏的城市生活让年轻人追求高效率，语言风格简约，多数人采用单轮结构也就不足为奇。再者，受试者均为高校再读本科生和研究生，学历层次较高，在当今中西文化交融的形势下，他们受西方文化影响，开始注重个体主义，当被邀请人拒绝邀请时，邀请者会考虑对方的独立自由，有可能不愿继续强迫对方。 然而，依然有26%的人使用多轮结构，这说明传统的邀请模式仍然在影响人们的语言表达。从邀请者角度出发，重复性的邀请能表达好客真诚与礼貌，符合礼貌原则的策略准则，即尽量使他人多受益，是给对方积极面子，所以邀请者一再发出邀请；尽管西方人看来邀请行为会威胁到听话人的消极面子，但中国学者毕继万（1996）认为中国人的消极面子概念不同于Brown&Levinson1978，1987的面子概念，因为中国人不认为邀请行为伤害听话人的消极面子；我们可以这样认为：消极面子在中国人的面子系统中并不重要，人们在发出邀请时要较少顾忌对方消极面子。从被邀请者角度看，不断拒绝也是有必要的，首先，不立即接受邀请也是礼貌的体现，遵循了策略准则和慷慨准则；其次，拒绝邀请也是试探邀请者所发出邀请真实性的一种策略，因为并非所有的口头邀请都是真诚的，也有可能只是维护人际交往的一种言辞手段。 美国受试的语料表明，绝大多数人（96%）在邀请回应行为中使用单轮结构，剩余4%（两例）使用双轮结构，研究者对这两例记录单进一步分析发现交谈双方是情侣关系。因此，我们可以认为单轮结构是美国邀请言语行为的基本结构，多层结构不具有典型性，这与之前研究结果是一致的。整体西方社会注重个体主义，尊重个人的独立自由，从邀请者角度来说，由于邀请对方参加某个事件需要占用被邀请者时间，妨碍他的自由，因此一旦对方拒绝，邀请者便不愿继续邀请，威胁其消极面子。 五、结语 本次调查结果发现美国人的邀请回应话轮结构依然是单轮结构，但汉语Z料表明中国人的邀请回应话轮结构较二十年前有第一定的变化，模式呈现多样性，既有单轮结构也有多轮结构，其中单轮结构占了大多数。本研究在一定程度上丰富了中英邀请言语行为比较的语料，但也存在受试样本单一、语料不足的问题。 参考文献 [1] Gu，Yueguo.Politeness phenomena in Modern Chinese. 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Dear Ying， It has been almost five years since you left Xi'an to settle down in Shenzhen。I believe that you have started enjoying life in that beautiful coastal city，and the warm climate will surely be good for your health。 I have a vacation for two weeks next winter。I'd like to go to Guilin with my families。We can join the package tour to Guilin，where we have never been，to see the natural beauty。It is said that the rivers and hills of Guilin are considered the best under heaven。I want to know how beautiful it is。 How wonderful it would be if you and your family could travel together to Guilin，and I think we will be attracted by the Lijiang River with its "Fairy Tale like" landscape。 Please let me know if you can go or not，I sincerely hope your decision will be in the affirmative。 With all my kindest wishes! Yours， Jane Dear sirmadam: On date, we will host an evening of celebration in honor of the retirement of name, President of pany. You are cordially invited to attend the celebration at hotel, location, on date from to . name has been the President of pany since year. During this period, pany expanded its business from to . Now its our opportunity to thank him for his years of exemplary leadership and wish him well for a happy retirement. Please join us to say Good-bye to name. See you on date. Yours sincerely xxx dear john: i came to your home but you were out. tomorrow is wang hong’s birthday. we will have a birthday party at wang hong’s home. we will dance, sing and share a big birthday cake. it would be great if you can join us. wang hong’s home is not far from our school. if you come, you may go straight along the people’s road, then turn right at the guangming road, then go across the xiangyang road. and you will find a cinema on the left. wang hong’s home is just beside it. hope to see you tomorrow at the party. zhang bin Dear Smith, Im honored on behalf of our school to invite you to attend the evening party in celebration of our schools 50th is the information in detail. As scheduled,the performance is due to start at 20 oclock and end at 22 oclock on September 20, are arranged to sit in seat 6,row 4,section 3 where you can feast your the party,folk songs will be performed,poem recitation and students group dance included. By the way,you can take bus to the party venue,the Youth Activity Center located northeast of the crossroads where Xinghua Street meets University Road. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua Write a letter to one of your high school classmates who is in a nearby city, and invite him/her to your city at this weekend. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead. Sample: Dear Linda, We havent seen each other for six years after graduation. I am so glad to hear that you have graduated from UCLA and come back to work in Suzhou. If you are free this Saturday, please come to Shanghai and have a good time with me. We can first go to the Century Park, where the flowers are all in blossom. Lets go boating on the lake isnt it pleasant in the cool breeze? Then I will treat you to dinner at a western restaurant on Huaihai Roadit is small but really niceIm sure you will enjoy it. After dinner, lets go to a concertyou are a music lover, arent you? If you couldnt come, please notify me before Friday. If you can, please tell me which train you will take and I will meet you at the railway station. I am looking forward to meeting you. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 邀请信 Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party. Write an invitation letter to them individually: 1) Invite them to the party, 2) Elaborate on the reason why such a party should be held, 3) What activities will be arranged for them. 范文： Dear Snoopy, I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Guo Jing’s wedding ceremony with Ms. Huang Rong to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 . on April 1, 2007. As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss. If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company. Yours sincerely, Li Ming Dear Sir or Madam, I am head of a household electric appliance plant,which is a major manufacturer of high-quality writing the letter for the purpose of inviting you to the exclusive presentation of our new models and a reception. The presentation is scheduled to take place at Noble Hotel on the third of fell it an honor if you could will also be a reception at the tow hope you will attend too. Since your presence is of vital importance to this occasion,I do hope you can make call our office at xxxx,and we will glad to reserve a place for looking forward to seeing you at that day. Yours truly, Li Ming Dear john, I came to your home but you were out. tomorrow is wang hong’s birthday. we will have a birthday party at wang hong’s home. we will dance, sing and share a big birthday cake. it would be great if you can join us. wang hong’s home is not far from our school. if you come, you may go straight along the people’s road, then turn right at the guangming road, then go across the xiangyang road. and you will find a cinema on the left. wang hong’s home is just beside it. hope to see you tomorrow at the party. zhang bin Dear Jack, Next Saturday is my am going to have a birthday party at home in the will start at 7:00. I have asked some of my classmates to come and I'd like you to come,too. I live at Shanghai can take bus and get off at the stop of Changjiang house is just across from the 's a white house with a black can't miss it. I do hope you will come. Yours, Jim Dear , I'm writing to invite you to the Traditional Chinese Cultural Fair to be held by our school at the Art Center this Friday afternoon,from 2pm to 5pm. Since this event aims to help more people learn about the traditional Chinese culture,the staff,all the students and their parents as well as anyone interested in it are the Fair,related books,pictures,videos and objects will be exhibited,through which visitors will not only understand traditional Chinese culture better but also definitely feel the unique beauty of it. If you're interested,please come and enjoy I'd be glad to offer any forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua Dear Professor White, Many thanks for your letter dated 15th August, inviting me to attend and chair a session of the forthcoming 20xx International Conference on Parallel Data Processing to be held in Bellaire, Michigan, from October 25 to 28, 2021. Much to my regret, I shall not be able to honor the invitation because I have been suffering from a disease since this summer. I am firmly advised that it would be unwise to undertake any distant and long travel in the near future. I feel very sad to miss the opportunity of meeting you and many others in the field of Computer Science. I wish the conference a complete success. Faithfully yours, Wang Xuan dear john, i came to your home but you were out. tomorrow is wang hong's birthday. we will have a birthday party at wang hong's home. we will dance, sing and share a big birthday cake. it would be great if you can join us. wang hong's home is not far from our school. if you come, you may go straight along the people's road, then turn right at the guangming road, then go across the xiangyang road. and you will find a cinema on the left. wang hong's home is just beside it. hope to see you tomorrow at the party. zhang bin Dear Jack, Next Saturday is my birthday. I am going to have a birthday party at home in the evening. It will start at 7:00. I have asked some of my classmates to come and Id like you to come, too. I live at Shanghai Road. You can take bus and get off at the stop of Changjiang Road. My house is just across from the station. Its a white house with a black door. You cant miss it. I do hope you will come. Yours, Jim Dear Mr. / MS, business elite, celebrities, fashion, media, artists from all walks of life: To spend a happy and auspicious Spring Festival, to build a mutual understanding, promoting career development, learn from each other, full participation, mutual benefit and win-win self display, reflect the value, enhance mutual feelings. To this end, Ma mall Xianyang shopping network held a grand Spring Festival Gala Shnxi business. Through the activities of the friendship platform, to further strengthen the Baotuan heating concept, deepen cooperation thinking, and promote the healthy development of the cause, expand enterprise visibility. Invite you to participate in the 2017 Shnxi business Spring Festival Gala activities! 英语邀请信范文（通用10篇） 邀请函是商务礼仪与世俗礼仪的其中一部分。在当下社会，邀请函在活动中起到的作用越来越大，我敢肯定，大部分人都对拟定邀请函很是头疼的，下面是小编帮大家整理的英语邀请信范文，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith, It has been a while since we last met, and every laughing minite filled up my memory. Recently we have the renovation of the new bought house done, and therefore would like to have the honour inviting you couple to visit us on June 28th 20xx and have dinner together. I suggest the time for dinner would be best at 7:00pm. I recalled that both of you are seafood lovers, so I will prepare lobsters and fishes as the main course, I also reserved bottles of best Italian white wine for us to enjoy at that moment. Of course if you are interested to spend a walk nearby then I am glad to accompany you. Mary my daughter is now eight years old and she have made a lot of friends of like age since we migrated to the estate here. I am sure she will want to tell a lot of her stories when she see you both. And right now she just want me to remind you that there are swimming pool and SPA facilities associated with the estate, therefore it would be good if you like, please bring along the swimming suits, it only take five minutes walk from my house to the facilities so it is very convenient. I am sure the above invitation would have interested you, and just to make sure things will happen as expected please kindly reply to this letter and upon then I will arrange things accordingly. Look forward to see you by then. My best wishes to you and your family! Yours, Raymond Dear Rose, Im going to the cinema next Saturday evening to see "Pacific Rim" , and I have two tickets. Would you like to come? The film starts at 19:00. Maybe we can meet at the gateway of the department store and have dinner before the film starts. Please give me a call if you can come. Looking forward to seeing you by then. Love, John Dear Uncle Yang, I would like to invite you to the international food festival in our school on Sunday,June students will sell many delicious foods. Hope to see you then! sincerely, Mary Dear Professor Michael Hutchison, We are very glad to hear that you are attending an international conference in Beijing. We are writing this letter to inquiry the possibility of inviting you to deliver a lecture on American literature for our postgraduate students on the evening of June 16. We have long been noticed that you have done a lot of substantial and creative work in this field. Two of your books have become textbooks for our students for several years. So all of us believe your lecture will benefit our students and teaching staff alike. If you can manage to come, please tell us the number of your flight and we will meet you at the airport. If you can’t make it, please also let us know. We are looking forward to your coming. Sincerely yours, Li Ming Dear Petty, I hope you didn’t make any plane for this weekend. You know I am moving into the new house, and I sincerely invite you to come to my new house. I will hold a celebration party on Saturday night. The scenery here is fantastic that I am sure you will like it. On Saturday, you can walk around my house after you get here. The party will begin at 7:00. You can live in my house that night. On Sunday, we can go fishing or play table tennis. So please do some preparation for them. You can drive here and you will see a board “Kelly’s Home” near the road. It only takes you one hour to get here. I hope there will be nothing stopping you to come. Yours affectionately, Kelly Dear Sir/Madam, I residing at add: would like to invite my sister, residing at add: China P R, to visit me in Italy for about three months starting from 20 October. The purpose of the visit is for tourism within Italy. During their visit, they will stay with me at the above address and I will be responsible for all their expenses including the round trip air fare to Italy, food, housing, travelling within Italy, insurance and all other expenses. I will make sure that my sister will leave Italy before the expiration of their authorized stay. Please kindly grant them Temporary Resident Visas. Please do not hesitate to contact me via telephone at or E-mail me at if you have any questions. Best regards xxx XX company: Our company decided to Xx Xx held in the companys 20XX annual meeting of the company, the year pany, including open discussion and tasting food and other activities. In order to strengthen our companys experience exchange and promote our companys development, e to our companys annual meeting. If you agree, please send your company name to our companys logistics department for the year. I hereby. XX company Dear passenger, The unique experience of flying with Sky Express starts on the ground! Flying with Sky Express ensures free access to our Business Lounge “ Melina Merkouri”. We invite you to enjoy our lounge’s comfort and its high quality services! Your journey begins here! Dear Dr, It is my pleasure to invite you to join my research group in the Department of at University for the purpose of carrying out your research as a visiting scholar supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). You will perform research in the field of , under my supervision. I would like to have you join us starting inxxfor a period of X months. We will provide you with the necessary office, lab space, lab equipment and access, and supplies for your research during your stay. From our initial communications, I attest that you meet our English language requirements for the research work. You will be conducting research of . As a group member, you will work alongside pre‐ and post‐doctoral researchers who are developing . This offer is based on the condition that you have obtained a CSC scholarship (covering international airfare and your stipend to cover living expenses and health insurance) for the time of your studies with us. Apart from that, you will be exempt from any other school fees for all your time here. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me by phone or email. Sincerely! Dear Zhang Ying: Will you e to luncheon on Friday, May the fifth, at twelve o&rclock? My niece Mary is visiting us and I think you will enjoy meeting her. She is a charming, very pretty girl and very good pany! John and Jane will be here, and perhaps we can give a dance after luncheon. Do say you&rll e! Affectionately. yours, Li Ming 【英语邀请信】相关文章： 英语邀请信范文09-14 英语邀请信范文推荐10-18 英语邀请信范文三篇02-14 邀请信的英语作文（精选21篇）10-22 英语邀请信作文（精选30篇）10-26 毕业典礼英语邀请信（精选5篇）06-22 邀请信大学英语作文（通用12篇）10-15 拒绝邀请信的英语范文（通用6篇）12-07 英语作文邀请信范文（通用21篇）10-22 英语作文之邀请信常用句型模板03-15英语邀请信的介绍就聊到这里吧，感谢你花时间阅读本站内容，更多关于英语邀请信、英语邀请信的信息别忘了在本站进行查找喔。
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原文地址：http://www.bbwdc.cn/post/19715.html发布于：2026-03-01
